Ziman, Principles of The Theory of Solids (University Cambridge, 1972). When the object has a high voltage, such work function effects, on the order of a volt, are irrelevant. It is assumed that the object carrying the charge, an electron, is transferred from a reservoir both of infinite capacity and of hte same work function as the object under study. The total number of particles in the nanoparticle must be sufficiently large so that the grand canonical definition of the chemical potential is meaningful. Landsberg, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (University, Oxford, 1978), Chap. A generalized energy-density relation is obtained using the force-balance equation and taking into account the Chandrasekhars relativistic electron degeneracy pressure. Lüth, Solid-State Physics (Springer, Berlin, 1993). Here C04e0R is the classical geometrical value, pR/l is the ratio of the particle radius R to the ThomasFermi screening length l, and e is the material dielectric constant. Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd edition (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985).
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